| The Bastille (little bastion) had originally been built as a medieval fortress during the hundred years' war between 1370 and 1383. The four and a half-story building located at the eastern main entrance to medieval Paris at the Porte St. Antoine (overlooking the Faubourg St.Antoine of the Marais quarter, a former swamp) had eight towers with a total heigth of app. 23,5 m and outer stone walls with a thickness of 4 - 5 m at the base. Until the 17th century it was both used as a castle and for the keeping of the royal treasure. |
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| Edward Bishop, a farmer, cured the Indian servant of a fit by flogging him; he declared, moreover, his belief that he could, in like manner, cure the whole company of the afflicted, and, for his scepticism, found himself and his wife in prison. His wife, Bridget, was later convicted as being a witch. |
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| In his short American career John Bill Ricketts managed to establish the first American Circus, befriend President George Washington, tour the East Coast, Canada, and the West Indies with his company, and present America a new genre of entertainment that blended equestrian feats with theatrical performance. |
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| Albert Kikkert, the governor-general of the islands, blamed his chronic headaches on glare from the white buildings and decreed in 1817 that they all be painted in various pastel shades. | ![]() |
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| Robert John Tyers of London patented a skate called the 'Rolito' with five wheels in a single row on the bottom of a shoe or boot. The 'Rolito' was unable to follow a curved path, unlike the in-line skates of today. | ![]() |
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| The motto IN GOD WE TRUST was placed on United States coins largely because of the increased religious sentiment existing during the Civil War. Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase received many appeals from devout persons throughout the country, urging that the United States recognize the Deity on United States coins. | |
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| The National League was formed in 1876 when six of the strongest teams of the National Association
withdrew from that organization. The teams were: the Athletic of Philadelphia (folded in 1876), the Boston Red Caps (now the Atlanta Braves), the Chicago White Stockings (now the Cubs),
the Hartford Dark Blues (folded in 1877), the Mutual of New York (folded in 1876), and the St. Louis Brown Stockings (folded in 1877). They were joined by two others, the Cincinnati Red Stockings
(folded in 1880), and the Louisville Grays (folded in 1877). The league president's authority was tested the first season, when the Athletic and Mutual clubs refused to make western road trips
later in the season, and were expelled from the N.L., which operated as a six-team league for the next two seasons.
William McLean, from Philadelphia, became the first professional umpire when he umpired the first game in National League history between Boston and Philadelphia. Boston defeated Philadelphia at Athletic Park 6-5. Jim O'Rourke makes the first hit and Joseph Borden, pitching under the name of Josephs, is the winning hurler. Philadelphia Athletics Wes Fisler scores baseball's 1st run. |
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| It is known that Tchaikovsky was commissioned by Vladimir Petrovich Begichev, the intendant of
the Russian Imperial Theatres in Moscow and a friend of Tchaikovsky, to write a score for Swan Lake in May 1875 for
the sum of 800 rubles. It was Begichev who authored at least the initial program of the ballet. Tchaikovsky began ``Swan Lake'' around 1871 as a fairly modest entertainment for his sister's household. In 1875-76 he expanded the score for a full-fledged four-act ballet that was first performed in Moscow in 1877. |
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| The children of Washington apparently caused such a ruckus on the Capitol grounds in 1876 that
Congress passed the Turf Protection Law to prohibit the area from being used as a playground in future years. The
event was rained out in 1877, but in 1878 the children were alerted by a small notice in the local newspaper
informing them that the egg rollers would not be allowed at the Capitol that year. Two versions of the story follow: Either the angry rollers rushed to the gates of the White House and demanded that they be let in to roll their eggs on the President's lawn or President Rutherford B. Hayes, alerted to the plight of the children, opened the gates to the South Lawn and welcomed all the rollers to his end of Pennsylvania Avenue. |
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| In 1884, Thomas Stevens left San Francisco on a Columbia high-wheeler with the outrageous goal of becoming the first man to ride a bicycle across the United States. When he reached Boston, he decided to continue around the world, and soon sailed to London for the ride across Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. The high-wheeler was heavy and cumbersome, his supplies were limited to socks, a spare shirt, and a slicker that doubled as tent and bedroll, and much of the country he traversed was wild. |
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| On March 2, 1889 Congress passed the Indian Appropriations Bill, proclaiming that unassigned
lands were part of the public domain. On April 22, 1889, people who gathered on the Arkansas and Texas borders of Oklahoma could seek a parcel of unclaimed land and file for ownership. Most were from Kansas and Missouri, but people from all over the country were part of the pack. The riders on horseback burst ahead of the droves of land seekers, but as they spread across the horizon they were discouraged to see that covered wagons and even men on foot had already occupied many prime places. As many as nine out of ten of these settlers had jumped the gun, earning themselves the name "Sooners". Those who entered the territory legally would challenge these premature claims in court, but the government's officials claimed that all squatters had been chased out prior to the land rush. |
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| On February 15, the Maine exploded in the harbor and sank with a loss of 260 men. Immediately
afterwards, the American press sparked a nationwide uproar, and flung various unproven accusations of sabotage at
Spain — giving rise to the slogan, "Remember the Maine!" A month later, President McKinley obtained a joint resolution of Congress: It declared Cuba independent and demanded a withdrawal of Spanish forces. The resolution was then sent to Spanish authorities with unconditional compliance to occur by April 23, 1898. On April 22, McKinley announced a blockade of Cuba's northern coast and the port of Santiago. Rather than give in to an ultimatum, the Spanish government declared war on April 24. The U.S. Congress — determined to be first — declared war on April 25, retroactive to the April 21 resolution signing. |
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| The American Power Boat Association (APBA), founded in 1903, is the sole authority for U.I.M.
approved powerboat racing in the United States. Power boats of one description or another have existed since as early as 1887. That was the year when Gottlieb Daimler hitched a crude petrol motor to the rear of a rowboat and putt-putted a few miles per hour on the River Seine in Paris. The first power boat race of any importance was the 1903 British International ("Harmsworth") Trophy at Queenstown, Ireland. An English boat defeated a French vessel at a speed of around 19 land miles per hour. The Gold Cup race, first contested in 1904, was America's answer to the highly touted Harmsworth Trophy. |
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| The club came to New York when AL president Ban Johnson moved the Baltimore franchise to compete
with the Giants for attendance. The club cost owners Frank Farrell and Bill Devery $18,000. Playing in Hilltop Park
in upper Manhattan, the club was named the Highlanders, until they moved into the Polo Grounds (shared with the
Giants) and became the Yankees. At Washington, before 11,950, the New York Highlanders play their first game, losing 31. Washington elects to bat first, but the New Yorkers score in the bottom of the opening inning to take a 10 lead. Each starter gives up six hits with Jack Chesbro, the National League's top winner last year (28-6) taking the loss. Al Orth, in his second season with Washington, is the winner. |
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| At age 19, Babe Ruth's first professional game (as a pitcher) is a 6-hit 60 win for Baltimore (International League) over Buffalo. The 2nd batter he faces is Joe McCarthy, the manager he will play for 17 years later with New York. Ruth is 2-for-4. | ![]() |
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| The United States occupation of Veracruz lasted for six months in response to the April 9, 1914,
Tampico Affair. The incident came in the midst of poor diplomatic relations with the United States, related to the
ongoing Mexican Revolution.
In the morning of April 21 41 battleships of the Atlantic Fleet, under the command of Rear Admiral Frank Fletcher, started the bombardment of Veracruz. Soon after landing the American troops captured the customs, post and telegraph offices. An urban battle then ensued in which many civilians are said to have taken part. |
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| The German Army dispersed chlorine gas over Allied lines at Ypres. The use of poison gas, contrary to the rules of The Hague Convention, introduces a new element into warfare. The attack of last Thursday evening was preceded by the rising of a cloud of vapor, greenish gray and iridescent. That vapor settled to the ground like a swamp mist and drifted toward the French trenches on a brisk wind. Its effect on the French was a violent nausea and faintness, followed by an utter collapse. It is believed that the Germans, who charged in behind the vapor, met no resistance at all, the French at their front being virtually paralyzed. |
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| In 1912, their final season at Hilltop Park, the Yankees as they were now commonly known made a fashionable debut at their home opener on April 11. Their traditional white uniforms were now trimmed with black pinstripes, creating a look that would become the most famous uniform design in sports history. The Yankees, however, were not the first team with pinstripes and would actually abandon the look for the next two seasons. By 1915, though, the pinstripes were back for good and, with the exception of the cap, the uniform would remain relatively unchanged. |
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| The London Naval Treaty was an agreement between the United Kingdom, Japan, France, Italy and the United States, signed on April 22, 1930, which to regulate submarine warfare and limited military shipbuilding. It also revived the Geneva Naval Conference of 1927 which had been unable to reach agreement because of bad feeling between the British Government and that of the United States. |
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| Veteran Pitcairn pilot Jim Ray landed on the White House lawn and took off again for the ceremony at which President Herbert Hoover presented the Collier Trophy to manufacturer Harold Pitcairn "for the greatest achievement in aviation, the value of which has been demonstrated by actual use in the preceding year." Pitcairn built 51 autogyros in 1931 and developed a number of models for the U.S. Navy as well as some models intended for private owners. |
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| It wasn't the NBA yet, of course. In its first three seasons, the league was known as the
Basketball Association of America (BAA). The Philadelphia Warriors, who had finished behind the Washington Capitols with a 35-25 record in the Eastern Division, upset the Chicago Stags in five games to win the league's first championship. The Warriors were led by Joe Fulks, a previously unknown 6-5 forward who had played college ball at Murray State in Kentucky. Fulks easily led the BAA in scoring by averaging 23.2 points a game. |
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| In late 1949 Eileen cut an up tempo novelty tune introduced on the "Breakfast Club" radio show, with an undercurrent of R & B called "If I Knew You Were Comin' I'd've Baked A Cake" on National. National knew right away that there was no way they would be able to keep up with the unprecedented demand and so they contracted for national distribution by Mercury Records. It became one of the highest selling records on an independent label in history. It remained on the best seller charts for more than four months and held the number one spot in the country for as astounding twelve consecutive weeks! |
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| MacArthur returned to Washington (his first time in the continental US in 11 years), where he
made his last public appearance in a farewell address to the U.S. Congress, interrupted by thirty ovations.
In his closing speech, he mused: "Old soldiers never die, they just fade away." The president chose to attend a Washington Senator's game instead of a ticker tape parade in honor of General Douglas MacArthur in New York. Just days before, Truman had fired MacArthur of his Korean command, a move that sparked adverse public opinion. When he entered the stadium fans resoundly booed him. The display of protest was so intense, Truman left the game in disgust. |
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| KTLA, a division of Paramount television broadcasted the first "network" coast-to-coast atomic bomb explosion telecast from News in Nob, Nevada. Marine helicopters and tractors built (in 6 days) a 314 mile microwave relay from Las Vegas to Los Angeles, the nearest point of the transcontinental hook up. The microwave equipment was placed atop three mountains, Charleston Peak, Mount San Antonio, and finally Mount Wilson. The event was known as Operation Tumbler Snapper. |
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| In 1954, the U.S. Army accused Senator Joseph R. McCarthy (Republican, Wisconsin), and his chief
counsel, Roy Cohn, of pressuring the Army to give preferential treatment to former McCarthy aide and friend of
Cohn's, G. David Schine. McCarthy claimed that the accusation was made in bad faith, in retaliation for his
questioning of Brigadier General Ralph W. Zwicker the previous year.
Broadcast "gavel to gavel" on the ABC and DuMont networks from 22 April to 17 June 1954, the hearings were the first nationally televised congressional inquiry and a landmark in the emergent nexus between television and American politics. |
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| In 1955, Congress passed a law requiring that "In God We Trust" appear on all U.S. coins and currency. The first paper currency with the motto appeared in 1957. "In God We Trust" did appear occasionally on a few coins, starting with a 2-cent piece in the 1860s, in an attempt (it is surmised) to put "God" on the side of the north during the Civil War. In 1956, as a result of Lyndon B. Johnson's 1955 Bill, an Act of Congress adopted "In God We Trust" as a national motto. The original motto, "E Pluribus Unum" ("out of many, [come] one,") celebrating plurality, still appears on the Presidential Seal and on some paper currency. |
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| Nicknamed the "Hillbilly Cat," a very nervous Presley headlined at the last Frontier hotel before a mostly middle-aged crowd that was not impressed by this sexy, gyrating young man. Elvis totally bombed. He was a rock and roll star in a town where the big star was Frank Sinatra. | ![]() |
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| The Marcels recorded this at the last minute when they recorded three songs and needed a fourth. When one of the members said he knew "Blue Moon," producer Stu Phillips told him to teach the song to the rest of the group in an hour, then they'd record it. The introduction to the song was an excerpt of an original song that the group had in its act - Phillips added it to "Blue Moon" to give it a flair that the group was lacking in their other songs. The Marcels recorded this in 2 takes. A promotion man asked and got a copy of the finished tape, which found its way to legendary DJ Murray The K. He promoted it as an "exclusive," and played it 26 times on one show. |
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| Two streaks were at stake. The New York Mets tied a National League record by losing 9 straight
to start season while the Pittsburgh Pirates tied a record of 10 straight wins to start a season. The Mets lost (they would win their first game the next day) 4-3 to the Pirates at Forbes field. Roger Craig started for the Mets while bob Veal was the Pirate starter. | |
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| The song rose to number one on the US Singles Chart and won the elder Sinatra his first Gold single. It was released on the album The World We Knew. It was the first instance of a father-daughter #1 song in America. | ![]() |
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| Its purpose was to reclaim the purity of the air we breathe, the water we drink and the environment we live in. Its slogan: "Give Earth a Chance" Through former Senator Gaylord Nelson’s efforts, the first Earth Day was held on April 22, 1970. People all over the country made promises to help the environment. Everyone got involved and since then, Earth Day has spread all over the planet. | ![]() |
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| The second extravehicular traverse was south-southeast to a mare-sampling area near the Cinco Craters on Stone Mountain. The crew then drove in a northwesterly direction, making stops near Stubby and Wreck Craters. The last leg of the traverse was north to the experiments station and the lunar module. The second extravehicular activity lasted 7 hours 23 minutes. The distance traveled by the lunar roving vehicle was 11.1 kilometers. |
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| Her 1970 debut album, First Take, was a sparsely arranged, acoustic album that combined elements of soul, folk and jazz, and was a mild success until Clint Eastwood included the slow ballad, "The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face," in his 1972 thriller Play Misty For Me, after which the song was released as a single and shot to #1. | ![]() |
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| Their five compositions and four recordings on 1977's soundtrack to Saturday Night Fever made them the biggest group in the world and propelled the album to sales levels never previously achieved in the history of popular music. | ![]() |
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| Before being hired for Saturday Night Live, the Blues Brothers went to the Lone Star Cafe and performed for the first time in their full outfits. They jammed with Room Full of Blues and Willie Nelson's band. Unfortunately, they didn't have a serious place to play, so Dan and John started talking with the Saturday Night Live band. Howard Shore suggested they do a blues number on the show. Dan and John were reluctant to do that, because they weren't ready to give away the look of the Blues Brothers. So instead, they performed their first song, 'King Bee' wearing bee costumes. |
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| In 1989, at the age of 30, Madonna released Like a Prayer. The album spawned five singles, including top ten hits "Like a Prayer", "Express Yourself", "Cherish" and "Keep It Together", as well as the top 20 hit "Oh Father". Like a Prayer is often cited by critics as the best album of her career. |
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| Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue was an animated drug prevention television special starring many of the popular cartoon characters from American Saturday morning television, among them Winnie-the-Pooh, Bugs Bunny, Alf, the Muppet Babies, and several others. Financed by McDonald's, the special was originally simulcast on on all three major television networks. |
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0687 BC Chinese record a meteor shower in Lyra
1145 19th recorded perihelion passage of Halley's
Comet
1370 Bastille begins being built in Paris France
More ...
1692 Edward Bishop is jailed for proposing flogging
as cure for witchcraft
More ...
1793 President George Washington attends opening
of Rickett's, first circus in US
More ...
1817 Curaçao prohibits use of white paint
due to fierce sunlight
More ...
1823 R J Tyers patents roller skates
More ...
1864 US mints 2¢ coin (first appearance of
"In God We Trust")
More ...
1876 First National League game
More ...
1876 Tchaikovsky completes his "Swan Lake"
ballet
More ...
1878 The first Egg Roll was held on the grounds
of the White House.
More ...
1884 Thomas Stevens starts first bicycle trip
around the world (2 years 9 months)
More ...
1884 John Golding patented a process for metallic
screening screening (used in screen doors & windows).
1889 Oklahoma land rush officially begins
More ...
1898 US President William McKinley orders blockade
of Cuban harbors
More ...
1903 American Power Boat Association forms
More ...
1903 New York Highlanders (Yankees) first game
More ...
1906 New rule puts umpire in sole charge of all
game balls
1914 Babe Ruth's first professional game (as a
pitcher) is a 6-hit 6-0 win
More ...
1914 México ends diplomatic relations with
US
More ...
1915 First military use of poison gas (chlorine,
by Germany) in WWI
More ...
1915 New York Yankees don pinstripes & hat-in-the-ring
logo for first time
More ...
1930 US, Britain & Japan sign London Naval
Treaty to reduce naval forces
More ...
1931 An autogyro lands on the lawn of the White House.
More ...
1947 First NBA Championship
More ...
1950 If I Knew You Were Comin' I'd've Baked
a Cake" by Eileen Barton topped the charts
More ...
1951 Ticker-tape parade for General MacArthur
in NYC
More ...
1952 First atomic explosion on network news, Nob
NV
More ...
1954 NBA adopts the 24-second shot clock &
6 team-foul rule
1954 The televised Army-McCarthy hearings began
in the U.S. Senate.
More ...
1955 Congress orders all US coins bear motto "In
God We Trust"
More ...
1956 Elvis Presley made his Las Vegas debut at
the Frontier Hotel.
More ...
1961 "Blue Moon" by The Marcels topped
the charts.
More ...
1962 Streaks at stake when mets play the Pirates
More ...
1967 "Somethin' Stupid" by Nancy &
Frank Sinatra topped the charts
More ...
1969 First human eye transplant performed
1970 The first Earth Day was observed
More ...
1972 Apollo astronauts John Young & Charles
Duke ride on the Moon
More ...
1972 "The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face"
by Roberta Flack topped the charts
More ...
1978 "Night Fever" by The Bee Gees topped
the charts
More ...
1978 'The Blues Brothers make their first appearance on Saturday Night Live
More ...
1988 New Jersey Devil Patrik Sundstrom ties NHL
playoff record of 8 points in a playoff game (hat trick & 5 assists) in
10-4 rout over the Capitals
1989 "Like a Prayer" by Madonna topped
the charts
More ...
1990 "Cartoon All Stars to the Rescue" shown on all 4 TV networks
More ...
1991 Intel releases the 486SX chip