| The great eruption of 1631 is the largest explosive eruption of Mt. Vesuvius since those of 472 and 512 AD. Large trees covered the Gran Cono, the cone within the Somma Caldera, and local people did not remember it being a volcano. The mountain was called "La Montagna di Somma" (the Mountain of Somma, a small town on its northern side). Several months before the beginning of the eruption, people near the volcano felt some earthquakes. The seismic activity became more severe in the few days before the eruption. Nevertheless, the awakening of Vesuvius in 1631 surprised the inhabitants. A strong explosive eruption started in the night between 15 and 16 December of 1631 and its paroxysmal stage lasted two days. |
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| This bill was a precursor to the American Bill of Rights, and set out strict limits on the Royal Family's legal prerogatives such as a prohibition against arbitrary suspension of Parliament's laws. More importantly, it limited the right to raise money through taxation to Parliament. The Bill was formally passed through Parliament after the coronation. On December 16, 1689, the King and Queen gave it Royal Assent which represented the end of the concept of divine right of kings. The Bill of Rights was designed to control the power of kings and queens and to make them subject to laws passed by Parliament. |
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| In May of 1773 Parliament gave the struggling East India Company a monopoly on the importation of tea to America and reduced the duty the colonies would have to pay for the imported tea. The Americans would now get their tea at a cheaper price than ever before. However, if the colonies paid the duty tax on the imported tea they would be acknowledging Parliament's right to tax them. Only Boston permitted three tea-laden ships to dock, igniting furious reaction among the townspeople. In early evening a group of about 200 men disguised as Indians assembled on a near-by hill. Whopping war chants, colonial activists disguised as Mohawk Indians boarded English ships anchored in the harbor and dumped 342 containers of tea into the water. |
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| Napoleon had been Emperor now for nearly six years, yet despite an illegitimate son, he had no heir for the new Bonaparte dynasty he wished to create. Reluctantly therefore, in 1809, he divorced Josephine as she was now in her forties and unlikely to provide an heir. He told her he still loved her but statehood must not have a heart. In an extremely controversial move some months later he married the 19-year-old Austrian princess Marie-Louise. | |
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| The Great New York Fire of 1835 was America’s first major disaster. Approaching the scene, firemen were confronted with wind, the 17 below zero cold, and the snow-laden streets. At its height the fire was visible for a distance of one hundred miles and seemed destined to destroy the entire city. The fire raged for almost twenty four hours. It covered 50 acres, 17 blocks of the city. |
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| On December 15, 1893, Dvorak's Symphony No. 9 ("From the New World") premiered , led by Anton Seidl, a renowned Wagnerian conductor, at Andrew Carnegie's magnificent two-year-old Music Hall in New York. The second movement, "Largo" (so deeply inspired by "Negro" plantation songs that it was eventually turned into an spiritual), is so immediately poignant that it stops the show. | ![]() |
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| The Argonaut, was the first U.S. submarine fitted with an internal combustion engine. It took place on the Patapsco River, during which 22 representatives of newspapers made short descents ranging from a an hour and a half to four hours. It had been invented by Simon Lake, and built in 1897 by the Columbian Iron Works and Dry Dock Company of Baltimore, Maryland. Lake had built a working model in 1894,. The Argonaut was also the first submarine to salvage sunken objects of value. |
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| British author Beatrix Potter created her first major storybook character for the sick little boy of her former governess. Eight years after the tale of four rabbits named Flopsy, Mopsy, Cottontail, and Peter was told, it was published for the public in 1902. Beatrix Potter was a lonely girl who loved to study nature and the artistic aspects of the world around her. She kept records and sketches of her findings in journals. Peter Rabbit was the first story of what eventually grew to be 23 tales, published between 1902 and 1930. | |
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| Recognized and respected throughout the world of show business, “Variety” is the premier source of entertainment news. Since 1905, the most influential leaders in the industry have turned to “Variety” for timely, credible and straightforward news and analysis -- information vital to their professions. |
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| The four squadrons of warships, dubbed the "Great White Fleet," were manned by 14,000 sailors and marines under the command of Rear Adm. Robley "Fighting Bob" Evans. All were embarking upon a naval deployment the scale of which had never been attempted by any nation before - the first 'round-the-world cruise by a fleet of steam-powered, steel battleships. The 43,000 mile, 14-month circumnavigation would include 20 port calls on six continents; it is widely considered one of the greatest peacetime achievements of the US Navy. The idea of sending the new battle fleet around the world was the brainchild of the energetic "Teddy" Roosevelt, former colonel of the Rough Riders and one-time assistant secretary ofthe Navy. |
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| The first U.S. radio broadcast of a singer featured Eugenia H. Farrar. Her voice was transmitted by Lee De Forest from Brooklyn Naval Yard, Brooklyn, N.Y. on the occasion of the departure of Admiral Robley Dunglison Evans ("Fighting Bob Evans") on a cruise with the fleet. |
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| A group of French-Canadian immigrants in Manchester, New Hampshire banded together to organize a cooperative institution to meet their financial needs. Thus, in 1908 St. Mary’s Bank CU became the first credit union chartered in America. Credit Unions differ from other financial institutions in that they are cooperative associations organized to serve members with a common bond of employment, association, or residence. Another characteristic that sets them apart is volunteerism. The founders of the movement believed that the organization and operation of Credit Unions should be accomplished chiefly by volunteers. |
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| The twenty cent stamp holds the special distinction of being the first stamp in the world to depict an airplane, some six years prior to the institution of the U.S. airmail stamps. |
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| Einstein proposed the General Theory of Relativity as an extension of the Special Theory. Its basis was the identification of gravity with inertia. His work provided the theoretical expectation that vast amounts of energy could be released from the nucleus. | ![]() |
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| The Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ) was established under Article XIV of the Covenant of the League of Nations, which called on the League of Nations Council to formulate plans for an international court designed to contribute to the peaceful settlement of international disputes. The Council forwarded the organizational plan to the League of Nations Assembly, which adopted the Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice on December 16, 1920. By September 1921, a majority of the member states had ratified the statute and the first election of judges took place. The PCIJ began its preliminary session in the Hague in January 1922 and heard its first case, an advisory opinion, in May 1922. |
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| The Eastern Colored League (chartered as the Mutual Association of Eastern Colored Baseball Clubs) is formally organized. The league will complete five seasons before folding in midsummer of 1928. Better known as the Eastern Colored League, it encompassed the large Eastern teams, and it also set the stage for the first Negro World Series in 1924. |
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| “A Tale of Two Cities” was a 1935 film directed by Jack Conway and Robert Z. Leonard, from Charles Dickens' novel “A Tale of Two Cities.” The film stars Ronald Colman as Sydney Carton, Donald Woods as Charles Darnay, Elizabeth Allan as Lucie Manette and Blanche Yurka as Madame Defarge. The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture. | ![]() |
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| Both the Bob Crosby Orchestra (big band) and the "Bobcats" small-group specialized in "dixieland" jazz, presaging the traditional jazz "revival" of the 1940's. His band's hits included "Summertime" (theme song), "In A Little Gypsy Tea Room," "Whispers In The Dark," "South Rampart Street Parade," "March Of The Bobcats," "Day In, Day Out," "You Must Have Been A Beautiful Baby," "Dolores" and "New San Antonio Rose" (last three with Bing Crosby), among others. |
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| The submarine remained at Manila until the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December7. The following day, she set sail on her first war patrol, conducted off the coast of Hainan, China. After damaging several enemy vessels on the 9th, 11th, and 14th, Swordfish sank her initial victim of the war on 16 December. Hit amidships by one of three torpedoes, the cargo ship A tsutasan Maru erupted in a cloud of smoke and flames and disappeared beneath the waves. |
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| On December 16, 1944, the German Army launched its last great counter - offensive of World War II. The Battle of the Bulge was meant to be Hitler's "last stand" in order to break apart and defeat the Allied forces. Hitler believed the bond was weak between the British, the US, and Russia. Hitler thought that he had enough troops left to launch a surprise attack on the Western Front through the thinly held line in the Belgian Ardennes Forest. He also believed that factors such as bad weather, bad terrain, and the Christmas holiday would help him to catch the Allies by surprise. |
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| Page gained her first million-seller in 1950 for "With My Eyes Wide Open I'm Dreaming," which cashed in on the novelty effect of overdubbing. Also in 1950, "All My Love" became her first number one hit and spent several weeks at the top. That same year produced the biggest hit of her career, "The Tennessee Waltz." Notched at number one for months, it eventually became one of the best-selling singles of all time and prompted no less than six Top 40 covers during the following year. |
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| On December 16, 1950, President Harry S. Truman declared a state of emergency in response to the Chinese increased involvement in the Korean War. Proclaiming that "Communist imperialism" threatened the world's people, Truman called upon the American people to help construct an "arsenal of freedom." |
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| The program opened each week with these words from Det. Sgt. Joe Friday: "This is the city, Los Angeles, California. I work here, I carry a badge." Then that arresting theme music began to play ("Dum-de-dum-dum"). Probably the most successful police drama in television history. Dragnet's hallmark was its appearance of realism, from the documentary-style narration by Joe Friday, to the cases drawn from the files of the real L.A.P.D., to its attention to the details of police work."Dragnet" made it to TV, in a special preview, on "Chesterfield Sound Off Time". |
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| Harold Rome's 1954 musical Fanny highlighted certain sections of the complete trilogy to make a beautiful tuneful musical starring Ezio Pinza, Walter Slezak, Florence Henderson and William Talbert. It played the Majestic Theatre and toured around the country. | ![]() |
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| Many of his Boone's recordings were "cover" versions of songs previously made famous by such black artists as Fats Domino and Little Richard (back in the less enlightened mid-1950s, many radio stations were hesitant to play "race music" unless it had been "legitimized" by a white performer). He launched his film career in 1957, appearing in such family fare as Bernardine (1957), April Love (1957), Journey to the Center of the Earth (1959) and State Fair (1961). |
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| The book is a sort of "Annie Get Your Gun" plot with Lucy as the ugly duckling who blossoms and tones down her competitive ways to win her man. Keith Andes sings beautifully opposite her. The show should be revived because the score is fabulous and the book is certainly serviceable. The production closed after only 162 performances due to Lucy's inability to keep up the Broadway stamina of eight performances a week and there being no one of similar quality to take over. |
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| Marvin Gaye played drums on this. He was 22 at the time and trying to break into the business. The Marvelettes were 5 teenage girls from the Detroit area. This was their first single and their only #1. They went through many member changes before breaking up in 1969. | ![]() |
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| On December 15, Dr. King arrived in Albany, Georgia in response to a call from Dr. W. G. Anderson, the leader of the Albany Movement to desegregate public facilities, which began in January 1961. The following day Dr. was arrested at an Albany, Georgia demonstration. He was charged with obstructing the sidewalk and parading without a permit. | ![]() |
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| In 1962, Tittle played even better with 33 touchdown passes and a career-high 3,224 yards. A year later, his TD figure went up to 36; he completed 60.2 percent of his passes, and again was named NFL Player of the Year. A terrific competitor who was always willing to play "hurt,” Tittle led the Giants to divisional titles in 1961, 1962, and 1963. Even though they failed to win the overall NFL crown, those were the "glory years" in New York. | ![]() |
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| Lawrence of Arabia is the filmic retelling of Britishman T. E. Lawrence's heroic, autobiographical account of his own Arabian adventure, published in "The Seven Pillars of Wisdom" (originally published with the title Revolt in the Desert). The cast included Peter O'Toole, Alec Guinness, Anthony Quinn, Jack Hawkins, and Omar Sharif. | ![]() |
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| Starting in 1963, the Beatles started recording and releasing a special 6 or 7 minutes christmas single, in the shape of a 7 inch flexidisc (looks like a single, but is thinner and made of plastic), which they had distributed to members of their official fan club. These recorda are very rare today and difficult to obtain. "Everywhere it's Christmas" was a Monty Python-like record (or to be more accurate, the Goon Shows), with amongst other things "Everywhere It's Christmas," "Orowanya," "Please Don't Bring Your Banjo Back" and the dramatic mini-play "Podgy the Bear and Jasper Visit Felpin Mansions." |
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| Released in Britain with the flip side, "Stone Free," which was the first song Hendrix wrote for The Jimi Hendrix Experience. Jimi played this for the first time at the 1967 Monterey Pop Festival. It was the first time the group performed in America. | ![]() |
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| Lyricist Shelley Pinz wrote the words after reading a newspaper article about an elder UK street musician who used a tambourine to collect money as he performed in front of a bank. | ![]() |
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| "Daydream Believer" was the Monkees' last #1 single before they drifted apart. It was soon knocked out of #1 by The Beatles "Hello Goodbye." A Folk singer named John Stewart wrote this. Stewart was a member of The Kingston Trio from 1961 to 1967. He wrote this shortly after leaving the group and teaming up with a pre-famous John Denver. | ![]() |
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| John and Yoko spent a lot of time in the late '60s and early '70s working to promote peace. In 1969, they put up billboard advertisements in major cities around the world that said, "War is over! (If you want it)." Two years later this became the basis for this song when Lennon decided to make a Christmas record with an anti-war message. | ![]() |
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| Her first film was a reprise of her Broadway hit, Funny Girl (1968), for which she won the 1968 Academy Award for Best Actress, sharing it with Katharine Hepburn (The Lion in Winter), the first time there was a tie in this Oscar category. Her next two movies were also based on musicals, Jerry Herman's Hello, Dolly! (1969) and Alan Jay Lerner's and Burton Lane's On a Clear Day You Can See Forever (1970), while her fourth film was based on the Broadway play The Owl and the Pussycat (1970). |
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| This simple song about a young girl who gets a brand new pair of roller skates was written by Melanie in 15 minutes. She intended it to be a lighthearted novelty to perform in between her more intense material. However it proved to be her most successful song. | ![]() |
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| This is about the death of Buddy Holly. "The Day The Music Died" is February 3, 1959, when Holly, Ritchie Valens, and The Big Bopper were killed in a plane crash after a concert. McLean wrote the song from his memories of the event. The Beatles Sgt. Pepper album was a huge influence, and McLean has said in numerous interviews that the song represented the turn from innocence of the '50s to the darker, more volatile times of the '60s. | ![]() |
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| A hint about this song's subject matter is cleverly "hidden" in its intro: the saxophone is playing the first line from a 1954 Doris Day hit entitled "Secret Love." The couple meets at the same time and place every day, but must be careful not to arouse the suspicions of their partners. It's somewhat rare in the sense that it's told from the point of view of the people doing the cheating. | ![]() |
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| No one expected what the young team accomplished in 1972. A promising campaign seemingly was lost when starting quarterback Bob Griese went down with a broken leg during just the fifth game of the season. However, the Dolphins rallied behind journeyman Earl Morrall and posted an unprecedented 17-0 record, culminated by a 14-7 victory, Griese's first full game back, over the Washington Redskins in Super Bowl VII. | ![]() |
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| In 1973, Simpson ran for a then-record 2,003 yards, becoming the first player ever to eclipse the 2,000 yard mark, and was voted the league's Most Valuable Player. Although his 2,003 yard season has subsequently been eclipsed by four running backs, only Barry Sanders managed to match Simpson by rushing for 2,000 or more yards in 14 games (Weeks 3-16 of the 1997 season; including Weeks 1 & 2, Sanders rushed for 2,053 yards. Eric Dickerson holds the 16-game season and overall records with 2,105 yards rushing in 1984). |
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| On Dec. 16, increasingly concerned about reports of the vaccine touching off neurological problems, especially rare Guillain-Barre syndrome, the government suspended the program, having inoculated 40 million people for a flu that never came. |
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| Court proceedings in Charlie Finley's $10 million damage suit against Commissioner Kuhn begin in Chicago. At issue is Kuhn's voiding of Finley's attempted player sales in June. The proceedings will take 15 days, and the decision will take three months. The federal judge ruled in Kuhn’s favor on March 17, 1977. | ![]() |
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| By the early '70s Diamond was topping the charts with the self-written singles "Cracklin' Rosie"
and "Song Sung Blue." This enabled him to make a transition to more of an album artist and those albums began to earn
gold and platinum certifications.
In the late '70s, Streisand found recording success in collaboration: her duet with Neil Diamond, "You Don't Bring Me Flowers," hit number one; as did "No More Tears (Enough Is Enough)," a dance record sung with Donna Summer. |
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| The 6-3, 200-pound Staubach wound up his career after the 1979 season with an 83.4 passing rating, the best mark by an NFL passer up to that time. His career chart shows 1,685 completions in 2,958 passing attempts, which were good for 22,700 yards and 153 touchdowns. | ![]() |
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| The lyrics are a stream of consciousness list of events that Joel felt his generation was not responsible for. A lot of the references are to the Cold War (US vs. Russia), a problem his generation inherited. This was Joel's third US #1 hit. His previous 2 were "Still Rock 'N" Roll To Me" and "Tell Her About It." "River Of Dreams" hit #1 6 years later. | ![]() |
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1631 Mount Vesuvius, Italy erupts,
destroys 6 villages & kills 4,000
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1689 English Parliament adopts Bill of Rights
after Glorious Revolution
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1773 The Boston Tea Party occurred
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1809 Napoleon Bonaparte divorces Empress Josephine
by the French Senate
More ...
1835 Fire consumes over 600 buildings in New York
NY
More ...
1893 Anton Dvorak's "New World Symphony"
premieres
More ...
1897 First submarine with an internal combustion
engine demonstrated
More ...
1901 "Peter Rabbit",
by Beatrix Potter, was printed for the first time
More ...
1903 Women ushers were employed for the first
time at the Majestic Theatre in New York City
1905 "Variety", covering all phases
of show business, first published
More ...
1907 Great White Fleet sails from Hampton Downs
on its World Cruise
More ...
1907 Eugene H Farrar is first to sing on radio
More ...
1908 First credit union in US forms (Manchester
NH)
More ...
1912 First US postage stamp picturing an airplane,
20¢ parcel post, issued
More ...
1915 Albert Einstein publishes his "General
Theory of Relativity"
More ...
1920 League of Nations establishes International
Court of Justice in The Hague
More ...
1922 Mutual Association of Eastern Colored Baseball
Clubs formally organizes
More ...
1929 First NHL game at Chicago Stadium; Chicago
Blackhawks beat Pittsburgh Pirates, 3-1
1935 The movie "A Tale of Two Cities"
was copyright registered
More ...
1940 Bob Crosby and his Bobcats backed up brother
Bing on "New San Antonio Rose"
More ...
1941 USS Swordfish becomes first US sub to sink
a Japanese ship
More ...
1944 Battle of the Bulge begins in Belgium
More ...
1950 The Tennessee Waltz" by Patti
Page topped the charts
More ...
1950 Truman proclaims state of emergency against
"Communist imperialism"
More ...
1951 "Dragnet" debuts on NBC-TV
More ...
1956 "Fanny" closes at Majestic Theater
NYC after 888 performances
More ...
1957 "April Love" by Pat Boone topped
the charts
More ...
1960 Lucille Ball stars in the Broadway production
of "Wildcat"
More ...
1961 "Please Mr. Postman" by The Marvelettes
topped the charts
More ...
1961 Martin Luther King Jr & 700 demonstrators
arrested in Albany GA
More ...
1962 New York Giant YA Tittle sets NFL season
touchdown pass record at 33
More ...
1962 David Lean's "Lawrence of Arabia"
premieres
More ...
1966 Beatles release "Everywhere it's Christmas"
in the UK
More ...
1966 Jimi Hendrix Experience releases its first
single, "Hey Joe", in the UK
More ...
1967 The Lemon Pipers released "Green Tambourine"
More ...
1967 "Daydream Believer" by the Monkees
topped the charts
More ...
1969 "War is Over! If You Want It, Happy
Christmas from John & Yoko" posters begin appearing
More ...
1969 "Hello Dolly" with Barbra Streisand
premieres
More ...
1971 Melanie (Safka) received a gold record for
the single, "Brand New Key"
More ...
1971 Don McLean's 8+ minute version of "American
Pie" released
More ...
1972 "Me and Mrs. Jones" by Billy Paul
topped the charts
More ...
1972 Miami Dolphins become first undefeated NFL
team (14-0-0)
More ...
1973 O J Simpson becomes first NFLer to rush 2,000
yard in a season
More ...
1976 Government halts swine flu vaccination program
following reports of paralysis
More ...
1976 Charlie Finley's $10 million damage suit
against Bowie Kuhn begins
More ...
1978 "You Don't Bring Me Flowers" by
N. Diamond & B. Streisand topped the charts
More ...
1978 Ronald Reagan denounces President Jimmy Carter's
recognition of China People's Republic
1979 QB Roger Staubach's last regular season game
with the Dallas Cowboys
More ...
1989 "We Didn't Start the Fire" by Billy
Joel topped the charts
More ...