| Walter Johnson notches his 3,000th strikeout on the way to 3,508. He fans five in beating Cleveland 3-1. |  |
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| Albany is the fourth oldest continually-inhabited city and the second oldest chartered city in the United States. When the land was taken by the English in 1664, the name was changed to Albany, in honor of the Duke of York and Albany, who later became King James II of England and James VII of Scotland. Duke of Albany was a Scottish title given since 1398, generally to a younger son of the Scottish King. The name is ultimately derived from Alba, the Gaelic name for Scotland. |
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| As one of thirty-six founders of the Connecticut Land Company, General Moses Cleaveland was selected as one of its seven directors and was subsequently sent out as the company's agent to map and survey the company's holdings. On July 22, 1796, Cleaveland and his surveyors arrived at the mouth of the Cuyahoga River. Cleaveland quickly saw the land, which had previously belonged to Native Americans, as an ideal location for the "capital city" of the Connecticut Western Reserve. Cleaveland and his surveyors quickly began making plans for the new city. He paced out a ten-acre Public Square, similar to those in New England. His surveyors decided upon the name, Cleaveland, after their leader. |
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| Pasteur was asked by the distillers of Lille, where the manufacture of of alcohol, from beet sugar, was an important local industry, to determine the problem of lactic acid production in their alcohol. Upon examination of the fermentation product under the microscope, Pasteur was able to observe the usual yeast cells, but also noted that there were a large number of smaller rod- and sphere-shaped cells. Pasteur argued that the cells were a new "yeast" that specifically converted sugar to lactic acid during its growth. This also led to the concept that by destroying the microorganisms in food products and beverages or by preventing their appearance in sterile products, spoilage could be prevented. This concept led to the heat treatment of food products and beverages that we now know as pasteurization. |
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| For thirteen months the vessel remained frozen in the ice. This was the first ocassion in the history of exploration during which an expedition had passed a whole winter within the Antarctic Circle, and the fullest use was made by the scientists of their unprecedented opportunity. Various sledge trips were made across the pack ice, and Amudsen and Cook experimented with various types of equipment, gaining experience which was to be invaluable to them at a later date. After mayor efforts in cutting and blasting a channel through pack-ice of 2.4meters of thickness, the ship was freed on 14 March 1899, just before the onset of the second winter. |
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| Walter Johnson notches his 3,000th strikeout on the way to 3,508. He fans five in beating Cleveland 3-1. | |
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| In a stunt at Mitchell Field in New York, Ruth, a private in the National Guard, caught a baseball that was dropped from an airplane. The plane was at 250 feet and traveling at about 100 miles-per-hour. Ruth was knocked flat during the first 2 attempts. Undaunted, he tried again and this time held on. Reported pilot Benny Foulois, "The last I saw of the Babe he was slowly flexing his burning hand and trying to smile about it as he left in a big limousine." |
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| The lefthanded-hitting Walker batted better than .300 in six of his ten full major league seasons. In 1922 he reached a career-high .337, leading the Phillies in six offensive categories. He was speedy enough to stretch doubles into triples, hitting 117 lifetime and 2 in one inning with the Reds on July 22, 1926. |
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| In 1933, the first round-the-world solo flight (15,596 miles) was completed by Wiley Post, in his single-engine Lockheed Vega 5B aircraft "Winnie Mae," in 7 days 18hr 49min. He had made an accompanied flight around the world in 1931. Born 22 Nov 1898, Wiley Post made his first solo flight in 1926, the year he got his flying license, signed by Orville Wright, despite wearing a patch over his left eye, lost in an oilfield accident. Post invented the first pressurized suit to wear when he flew around the world. Another credit was his research into the jet streams. He died with his passenger, humorist Will Rogers, August 15, 1935 in a plane crash in Alaska. |
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| On the evening of July 22, 1934 a dapper-looking man wearing a straw hat and a pin-striped suit stepped out of the Biograph Theater in downtown Chicago where he and two girlfriends had watched a film called "Manhattan Melodrama" starring Clark Gable. No sooner had they reached the sidewalk when a man appeared and identified himself as Melvin Purvis of the FBI. He ordered the man in the straw hat to surrender. So ended the life of John Herbert Dillinger, the most prolific bank robber in modern American history and the general public's favorite Public Enemy No. 1. |
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| In February, Roosevelt unveiled the message he planned to send to Congress that day, recommending that the Judicial Branch of the government be "reorganized". The message proposed that for each member of the Supreme Court who was over seventy years of age and did not elect to retire -- six of the nine members of the Court were in that situation -- the President would be empowered to appoint an additional Justice to the Court, thereby enlarging the Court's membership to a total of fifteen. The true reason for the plan, of course, was to enable the President to "pack" the Court all at once, in such a way that New Deal social legislation would no longer be threatened. In July, Roosevelt realized he did not have the votes to pass the bill in the Senate, and he agreed on a face-saving solution by which the bill, rather than being defeated in a floor vote, would be recommitted with a tacit understanding that the provisions relating to the Supreme Court would be deleted. |
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| Hal Kemp led the most popular and the most musical sweet band of the mid-1930s. With muted trumpets and full clarinet tones, its distinct sound earned it a large and dedicated following. Always the friendly, Southern gentleman, Kemp was well-liked by everyone and treated his musicians well. Bandmembers often referred to Kemp's orchestra as a “fraternity.” The distinctive vocal on the tune is provided by Skinnay Ennis. |
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| Before this big hit Nat King Cole was better known as a pianist. As a result of the success of this recording he became recognised as a vocalist. This soundtrack version by Nat King Cole spent 8 weeks as #1 in the Billboard chart in the USA in 1950. |  |
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| In 1948, a Los Angeles building inspector named Walter Frederick Morrison and his partner Warren Franscioni invented a plastic version of the Frisbie that could fly further and with better accuracy than a tin pie plate. Morrison (after his split with Franscioni) produced a plastic Frisbie called the Pluto Platter, to cash in on the growing popularity of UFOs with the American public. The Pluto Platter has become the basic design for all Frisbies. A new toy company called 'Wham-O', which marketed the Hula-Hoop, the Super Ball and the Water Wiggle, first saw Morrison's Pluto Platter in late 1955 and convinced Morrison to sell them the rights to his design. With a deal signed, Wham-O began production (1/13/1957) of more Pluto Platters. Fred Morrison was awarded a patent (Design patent 183,626) for his flying disc and received over one million dollars in royalties for his invention. |
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| In 1960 Lewis recorded a song that had been written by his friend Ritchie Adams--who had sung with a vocal group called The Fireflies, which had its own hit in the late 1950s with "You Were Mine"--almost a year earlier, called "Tossin' and Turnin'". It was released in 1961 and was an immediate hit, selling more than three million copies and staying in the #1 spot for seven weeks. |  |
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| Mariner 1 was the first spacecraft of the Mariner program. Intended to fly by Venus, it failed during launch on July 22, 1962. A hardware failure in an antenna caused the booster to lose contact with guidance systems on the ground, so an onboard computer assumed control. However, that computer's software contained a bug. |  |
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| Vee Jay records released "Introducing The Beatles," twice in America. The first release on July 22, 1963 did not do well, as most Americans had not yet learned of The Beatles. Upon Capitol Records releasing "Meet The Beatles," on January 20, 1964, Beatlemania ensued, and to capitalize on this success, Vee Jay re-released the album on January 27, 1964. |  |
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| "Windy" was the group's second #1 hit. Their first was "Cherish," recorded the previous year. Drummer Larry Ramos and Guitarist Russ Giguere shared lead vocals on this. It wasn't easy - the session started in early afternoon and ended at 6:30 the next morning (they had to catch an 8:30 a.m. flight to perform in Virginia). Their voices were so burned out that Howe had everybody in the studio singing on the ending of the song. |
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| Venera 8 was a Venus atmospheric probe. Its instrumentation included temperature, pressure, and light sensors as well as radio transmitters. The spacecraft took 117 days to reach Venus, entering the atmosphere on July 22, 1972. Venera 8 transmitted data during the descent and continued to send back data for 50 minutes after landing. The probe confirmed the earlier data on the high Venus surface temperature and pressure returned by Venera 7, and also measured the light level as being suitable for surface photography, finding it to be similar to the amount of light on Earth on an overcast day. |
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| Withers said: "This was my second album, so I could afford to buy myself a little Wurlitzer electric piano. So I bought a little piano and I was sitting there just running my fingers up and down the piano. In the course of doing the music, that phrase crossed my mind, so then you go back and say, 'OK, I like the way that phrase, Lean On Me, sounds with this song.' So you go back and say, 'How do I arrive at this as a conclusion to a statement? What would I say that would cause me to say Lean On Me?' “ |
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| Once the Bee Gees experienced a career revival with the Saturday Night Fever soundtrack in 1977, the Gibb brothers' younger sibling Andy began his own solo career. Following his brothers' disco style, Andy Gibb's first three singles ("I Just Want to Be Your Everything," "(Love Is) Thicker Than Water," and "Shadow Dancing") all hit number one. |  |
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| In 1983, Dick Smith makes the first solo helicopter flight around the world, taking a leisurely 11 months. The previous year, Ross Perot, Jr. with Jay Colburn had, flying together, established an around the world helicopter flight record. To make the flight possible both Smith and Perot had to hire an ocean-going vessel and predisposition it between Japan and the Aleutians for refueling. Choosing the route was made more difficult at that time, when Russia's airspace was closed. Smith's helicopter is now in the Sydney, Australia, aeronautical museum. |
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| "Toy Soldiers" was about drug addiction and how drugs can control you like children control their toys. Metallica's "Master Of Puppets" has a similar theme. In 1988 her first single, "More Than You Know," landed on the American charts; a year later, this was released as the follow up." |  |
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| At the 1989 Tour de France, with 37 shotgun pellets remaining in his body from a hunting accident in 1987, LeMond was hoping only to finish in the top 20. Heading into the final stage, however, an individual time trial finishing in Paris, LeMond was in second place overall. He was 50 seconds behind Laurent Fignon, who had won the Tour in 1983 and 1984. LeMond rode the time trial using then-novel aero bars, which gave him a significant aerodynamic advantage, to beat Fignon by 58 seconds to claim his second yellow jersey with a final victory margin of 8 seconds the closest in the Tour's history. LeMond won the Tour for the third time in 1990. That year he became one of the few cyclists to win the Tour without winning any of the individual stages. |
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| In 1994, the last of the large fragments of the comet Shoemaker-Levy strikes Jupiter (Fragment W). This image of the collision of comet fragment W consists of one frame taken within the 7-second period that the impact was visible to Galileo. Enhanced, it shows a bright point about 44 degrees south latitude on the far side of Jupiter from the Earth. The frame was obtained at 8:06 UT on July 22, 1994, with Galileo at a distance of about 150 million miles from Jupiter. |
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1686 City of Albany, NY chartered
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1796 Cleveland, Ohio, founded by Gen Moses Cleaveland
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1873 Louis Pasteur received a patent for the manufacture
of beer and treatment of yeast
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1898 Belgica crew see first sunrise in 1600 hrs-first
to endure Antarct winter
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1923 Walter Johnson becomes the first to strikeout
3,000
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1925 Yankees purchase infielder Leo Durocher
1926 Babe Ruth caught a baseball that was dropped
from an airplane
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1926 Cincinnati Red Curt Walker ties record of 2 triples
in an inning
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1933 Aviator Wiley Post ended his first around-the-world
flight
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1934 Bank robber John Dillinger (1902-1934) was
shot and killed by FBI agents
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1937 Senate rejects FDR proposal to enlarge Supreme
Court
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1937 Hal Kemp and his orchestra recorded the now-standard,
"Got a Date with an Angel"
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1950 "Mona Lisa" by Nat 'King' Cole
topped the charts
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1957 The Frisbee aka 'Pluto Plater' patented
More ...
1961 "Tossin' & Turnin'" by Bobby
Lewis topped the charts
More ...
1962 First US Venus probe, Mariner 1, fails at
lift-off
More ...
1963 The Beatles release "Introducing the
Beatles"
More ...
1967 "Windy", by The Association topped
the charts
More ...
1972 Venera 8 makes soft landing on Venus
More ...
1972 "Lean On Me" by Bill Withers topped
the charts
More ...
1978 "Shadow Dancing" by Andy Gibb topped
the charts
More ...
1983 Dick Smith makes first solo helicopter flight
around the world
More ...
1989 "Toy Soldiers" by Martika topped
the charts
More ...
1990 Greg LeMond won his third Tour de France
More ...
1994 Last of the large fragments of the comet Shoemaker-Levy strikes Jupiter
More ...